### Tsunami Stones of Japan: Ancient Warnings and Modern Lessons

Along the coast of Japan, hundreds of tsunami stones stand tall, engraved with warnings to locals about natural disasters and the consequences of building homes too close to the coastline.

The oldest of the stones dates back 600 years ago. They range in height from two to 10 feet tall and often mark the highest point of a tsunami’s reach on the shores of Japan.

The country has endured some of the worst tsunamis in history. In 1707, the Hōei earthquake caused a tsunami that killed over 5,000 people. In 1771, the Great Yaeyama Tsunami killed 8,439 people on Ishigaki Island and 2,548 more on Miyako.

Furthermore, the Sanriku earthquake in 1896 triggered two tsunamis that decimated more than 9,000 homes and led to the deaths of at least 22,000 individuals. More recently, the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami killed 15,894 people and injured 6,156, while 2,546 were left unaccounted for.

The tsunami stones can be found at the edge of a small village called Aneyoshi, located on Japan’s northeastern coast. Each stone features an inscription, although some are now too worn to make out.

Some of them are gravestones marking where victims are buried. Or, they serve as monuments that give death tolls from past tsunamis. Others bear dire warnings from ancestors so the generations of today can escape the same fate that was suffered in the past.

One of the stones in Aneyoshi advises residents to seek higher ground in the immediate aftermath of an earthquake since powerful waves tend to follow. Aneyoshi has undergone two devastating tsunamis. After a tsunami destroyed the village in 1896, it was rebuilt in the same place. In 1933, another tsunami struck the town, and a stone was erected shortly after.

It is four feet high and sits just above a tsunami’s reach. The slab reads, “High dwellings are the peace and harmony of our descendants. Remember the calamity of the great tsunamis. Do not build any homes below this point.”

The last four residents of Aneyoshi permanently relocated uphill once the tsunami stone was put in place, which saved them from disaster when tsunamis hit in 1960 and 2011.

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In Japan, hundreds of ancient tsunami stones line the coastline, inscribed with warnings about the dangers of building too close to the shore. The oldest stones date back 600 years, marking the highest points reached by past tsunamis. Japan has experienced some of history’s deadliest tsunamis, including the 1707 Hōei earthquake, the 1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami, the 1896 Sanriku earthquake, and the 2011 Tōhoku disaster.
These stones, found in places like the village of Aneyoshi, serve as gravestones, memorials listing death tolls, and cautionary messages from ancestors. One stone in Aneyoshi advises seeking higher ground after an earthquake, a warning that saved lives in 1960 and 2011 when the village’s last four residents relocated uphill.